S. 1396 would change the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs that are administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). Currently, five federal agencies participate in the STTR and SBIR programs and six more just participate in the SBIR program. Those agencies must set aside a portion of their extramural research and development (R&D) budgets to fund R&D projects carried out by small businesses.